diamond jewelry 2013

through the world's oldest substancemade almost entirely of carbon diamonds transparent stones that comefrom the center of the earth the sea and this guy diamond mines on modernmarvels from above it looks like the landingsite of an enormous ufo but in reality this is one of the most prolific openpit diamond mines in the world in a remote part of botswana deep in thekalahari desert the beers company and the government of botswana are diggingvirginia quality diamonds last year this mind but when a mineextracted over 11 million carats of diamonds from nine million tons oftreated or many minorities this one of

the reach of mines or the richest man inthe world at this point in time but you do see you dig down to a certain levelso you're digging down this about and you need to get to be impolitic partof it the candlelight or that contains thediamonds are you going into these angles now in order that the the the walls ifyou like of this open pit mine of fooling themselves you go you stagger itdown in a series of terraces terrorists like something you'd see in the romancolosseum bring the interior of the pit mining is done on these benches as wellas on the minds floor at the base of the bed or is removed by hydraulic shovelsand loaded onto one hundred and seventy

ton capacity trucks for transport waste material is truck two dunks diamond ferri or is transported to acrusher experts say the two hundred and fiftytons of rock her mind for every diamond that's recover once the open pit isexhausted explosives are set to break up the hardrock and miners go underground in bedrock adjacent to the final withthe diamonds are minor sink of vertical opening called a sham horizontal tunnel has joined the mainshaft to the working areas

drilling takes place toward the diamondbearing or rock between the tunnels is blastedremoving the support from the overlying or so that it caves in now the pieces of rocker small enough tobe removed from the trucks at the production level here the rock is broken and transportedto underground crushes before being carried to the surface their belts which were first used in thenineteen twenties movie or out of the mind the first stop is the maintreatment plan for the crushed or is the

washington screen next to concentratemoves on to a building called the aquarium this three tower buildingconsists of a floor greece or take a floor for recovery of diamonds and goldasset holding plant from this point the or moves around in sealed containers therule here is what can't be seen can't be stolen if its principal was toactually separate people visit how separation of people actually fromconway it was high concentrate our families our process is actually handsoff our commission is likely to talk about it that happens using high technology equipment wrotediamonds are automatically sorted

cleaned sized wade and packaged hiddensurveillance cameras monitor the entire operation in this control room manytrack the flow of material by computer and watch for a security breach they cansee which doors have been opened at what time and for how long employees are photographed each timethey go through a secure area in high risk areas where a diamond might beswallowed their also x-ray once the diamonds are fully recoveredthey travel by overhead conveyor through the plant into an area so protected isoff limits to film crews why all this fuss over an element thatis totally carbon just like the graphic

you find in a pencil because diamonds have been triggered bymankind for over three thousand years and because seven billion dollars worthof raw diamonds are sold every year that translates into fifty billion dollarsworth of jewelry but of the millions of diamonds purchased each year you newowners know their rocks true history diamonds have to form an extremely hightemperatures and extremely high pressure and the only place on earth you findthis is deep underground perhaps a hundred miles below the surface of theearth and their carbon atoms slowly come together to form larger and largercrystals we know that some of these

crystals may be the size of a soccerball or maybe a watermelon even over billions of years at intense heat andunimaginable pressure diamonds crystallized miles underground they geta ride to the earth's surface inside a carrot shaped funnel called thekimberlite pipe kimberlite pipes contain minerals including diamonds smallvolcanic explosions course the pipe jouret's surface and not one speed the famous pipe and kimberley southafrica discovered in the late 1800's was poor hundred and fifty thousand squarefeet across and 3,500 feet deep knowledge of diamonds was acquiredslowly in 1772 french chemist under 10

ca shattered the myth the diamondscouldn't burn me focus the sun's rays through a big circular lens and tradedon a small diamond sitting in a glass bowl filled with oxygen and lo andbehold after a couple minutes then began smoking then it begins well during andthen after a while just a little piles winter's ashes to ashes just like peoplehe discovered that diamond converted to carbon dioxide and yet he never madethat extent next step 2 step that would suggest that carbon was was whatdiamonds made of the diamond is simply a pure form of carbon the discovery ofwhat diamonds are composed of fell to british chemist smithson tennant theearly 1800's it took a very carefully

weighed amount of dinant on the one handand then to the same weight of graphite or of charcoal and the other hand andburned each of those in the way that love was they had done and showed thatin each case you produce exactly the same amount of carbon dioxide thatproved beyond any doubt that both dymond and this black graphite the softmaterial of pencil at work chemically identical even though theylooked so completely different the birthdate of a diamond remained amystery until the eighteen eighties because carbon beyond a certain agecan't be dated then scientists learned today trace minerals found inside theancient stone was discovered that

diamonds are actually much older thanthe kimberlite which they were kimberlite is just the host of diamondsthe vehicle to get diamonds to the surface of the earth at 3.3 billionyears of age diamonds are almost as old as earthitself the first diamond miners in india in the fourth century bc only saw aglittering curiosity miners digging in the krishna river gravel of southernindia thought diamonds grew in the sand after the rainy season people with justlots of very bangs and begin sifting sand or or whatever kind of materialsthere for diamonds diamonds which look like pieces of dirty glass

thought to have magical properties daysran the gamut from from bringing dead animals back to back tolife to telling whether you're you're making is committing adultery to makingthe invisible to giving you courage to to putting out fires anything you canimagine india's diamond production reached its zenith in the 16th centurywith a maximum output of between 50,000 and 100,000 care but that volume wasalmost eclipsed by the discovery of great diamond deposits and brazil in1725 on a rio dos mariners river using a wooden washing ban hien sand and claywas flushed away and the diamonds were picked out by hand from the remainingheavy minerals

between 17:30 in 1822 it's estimatedthat brazil produced almost three million carats of diamonds neitherbrazil nor india would come close to the flood and diamonds found in anotherremote part of the world next the great south african diamondprice in the 16th century lovers warscribbling rings made of diamonds they were used to etch romantic notes onwindow panes diamond mines would return on modernmarvels we now return to diamond mine in 1866 the great south african diamondrush made world headlines it began when fifteen year old era mistaken spotted atransparent stone on his father's farm

on the south bank of the orange river that stone was it twenty one caratdiamond people to rush to south africa at thattime transportation was not very good so that it took about three or four monthsto get there and within a year of feverish mix of american veterans of thecivil war eastern and western europeans and canadians swarmed the cape of goodhope to mine diamonds black figures are basically hired labor and they were sentto do the dirty work so that the white guys didn't do the job to everybody wasout there rise and shine the sewage

diamonds were hand washed from thealluvial or riverbed pebbles what happened after that as people beganhanding out into the backcountry rivers hopes they might find diamondsthere and indeed they did in 1869 the practice of dried digging fordiamonds was born these images were filmed by thomasedison and kimberley south africa in 1917 before they doubt the more that itappeared that the diamonds had come from below not been washed remote and that perhapsthis is the mother rock 20 miles north

of farm owned by dutch settlers namedtwo beers on their property miners found large rough diamonds likenothing they'd seen before thomas edison captured on film the areaminers named kimberly it was a boomtown a seventeen year old englishman ofdelegate health but with a wealth of ambition joined his older brother at theclaim in kimberley the boy's name was settle roads i think people will remember systemroads as two people really one he was a great adventure he's certainly was veryactive in expanding the territory's the british empire that time but also he'llbe remembered as being a great

entrepreneur and a man keen on notbecoming a minor it was extremely dangerous many people were killed thereare eyewitness reports huge piles of rock rumbling down the hillside veryminor and sometimes the neighbor would find his predecessors bodies and wearinga chef's hundreds perhaps thousands of individual diggers there was a verychaotic scene imagine if you will something like a gold rush kind of wild west the only thing that could have made itmore dangerous was the use of dynamite which would come into use in 1900 theland was divided into thirty one foot

square prospects roadway separated theclaims to be the largest hand excavation in human history the works of ancientbabylonian not accepted when thousands of feet honeycombed with pockets ploworth of kimberly began to give way everybody was getting flooded out socecil rhodes got a hold of the only part for about 600 miles around and rented itout later fortune frequent kvm smothered hopes of easy riches as miners gave upthey sold their claims to settle roads it was amongst this chaos the road sothat the best way of taking this industry forward and without destroyingitself there and then was for all the producers to come together

by the age of 27 roads was the largestmine owner in kimberley as for the brothers de beers they soldtheir farm for a mere six thousand pounds leaving behind only their namesays all road borrow the debeers name when he squeezed out his only realcompetitor barney bernardo the strategy used by both sides was quite differentbecause on the one hand but not so i actually had more money than roots andthis time roads pushed for a partnership withbernardo a financial battle ensued and ultimately roads when the day he mergedthe holdings of both men into two beers consolidated diamond mining with roadsubsequent purchase of the now-famous

deutsche bahn and bull fontaine diamondpipelines roads controlled more than 95% of the world's diamonds by the turn ofthe century to ensure the present and future value of diamonds bezel roadsbegan a movement toward centralized control of their production and releasea move that had no precedent in world economic practice be predicated the volume of diamondshe'd release for market on the number of marriages every year in the unitedstates for engagement rings with the bulk of the diamond gem markdistribution of his diamonds would go through a single channel the birth ofwhat we came to know his single channel

marketing was really in 1890 a couple ofyears after the establishment of the biz consolidated this was when a group ofpayment is based here in hadn't gotten came together and created the londondiamond syndicates and this includes basically took the production from thedivision mines and marketed them onto the world stage was set for an up andcomer to reap the rewards of several roads plan ernest oppenheimer moved to london workfor a company called them with his uncle and eventually in 1902 just shortlyafter the death of cicero's went down to chemically and began buying diamondsfrom the biz to sell bank through his

uncles in kimberley oppenheimer saw thegradual erosion of the diamond industry single channel marketing worked well aslong as this one area produced 95% of the world's diamonds but new producersfrom angola the congo namibia were pumping diamonds onto the world marketwhich would ultimately forced the price of diamonds down with backing fromfinancier jp morgan oppenheimer point the anglo-american corporation toexploit a gold filled in africa's east with water and in the meantime the onset of world warone drove the diamond industry down money was spent on staples not undonewhen oppenheimer returned to south

africa in the nineteen twenties he wasin a position to buy up some diamond claims along the west coast of namibia later he traded that mine produced beerstock and seized control of the company in 1926 he became a de beers director in1929 he was its chairman by then he had taken the diamondbusiness to its next level he not only control the world's diamond supply controlled the key players who wouldsell it this allowed him then to go on to createhis vision of long-term stability within the industry and this is when in the in1932 bringing together again or all

these producers now and the creation ofwhat became known as the central selling organization i guarantee more familiessuccessfully ran two beers as a cartel right into the 21st century even thoughit meant they would be legally prevented from doing business on us' soil only recently has the diamond monopolylost its base like grip a proliferation of diamond mines outsideof the beers control has at last begun to erode the giants dominion overthe world's most precious gem next russia which the first cracks in twobeers ice empire african rebels illegally mined ore percent of the world's diamonds because of

the gems association with violencethey're called blood diamonds diamond mines will return on modern marvels weknow returned to die on modern the oppenheimers and controlled theworld's diamond supply for almost a century when communist russia enteredthe arena in 1947 in 1954 the first kimberlite pipe wasfound in siberia in 1955 to more pipes were discoveredwithin 10 days of each other the russian mine akhil is one of therichest on earth nothing tombs of the volume of materialthat is produced but because of the

large percentage of gem quality diamondsthese are beautifully kiss to reach the stones one must go through ground thathas been permanently frozen since the last ice age which lasted from about onepoint six million years to 10,000 years ago in these extreme arctic wildernessconditions a spring day is minus 30 degrees i need these operational in toomany engineering challenge and the reason was that that one permafrost is opened up and for exactexample where houses are built on the permafrost the warmth from the housewill tend to melt the ground and even the foundations will give way

correspondingly the task became keepingthe ground permanently frozen so that the foundations of what was built on thepermafrost wouldn't sink and fall apart when it came to the scale of a mind thechallenge was formidable they wrapped in a blanket material and that enormouscost me 60 kept the pylons cold and there were two of the union threatenedto flood the world's markets with their diamonds two beers moved swiftly andbrought up their stockpile that arrangement collapsed in 1991 along withthe fall of the soviet empire while some portion of diamond production remainedwith the beers percentage is now sold outside the beers cartel weakening itsposition as the only true supplier of

gem quality diamonds the latest entry into the multi-billiondollar diamond industry is canada back in the late nineteen seventies a britishcolumbian geologist started taking samples in the tundra of canada'snorthwest territories skeptics thought he was mad as a hatter but chuck vickiwas it true indiana jones he followed kimberlite trails until he found theirsource at the bottom of a lake in 1985 was collecting samples just read overright over there on that esther and we we took the sample back to the lab inkelowna and we found it had about five thousand timberlake pyro 1700 chromedown sides which are our minerals that

come out of diamond during kimberly with money borrowed from working-classfriends 15 fellow geologists to busan staked out an area just smaller thanrhode island after years of failure and often on the brink of bankruptcy in 1991geologists struck it rich now in partnership with bhp minerals a hugemining company the canadian my known as it cut he is providing close to fourpercent of the world's diamonds by weight and pipers and value the gym iscoming out of a car here some of the highest quality gem diamonds in theworld these kimberlite pipes are under lakes to prep them from mining areemptied of fish and then drain

just take it back home with a wholewider them down and so a roadway to go down to this using his steam shovelabout three stories high tons of diamond tourists cooped up inthe former lake bed and dumped into a huge truck at a nearby plant he or is run through aseries of six and rollers and other equipment that crushes it up don't wantto rush it up too much of course because the question and i'm in there in a finalstep the heavier diamond difference material is put through a device whichx-rays every little particles it goes down a conveyor belt

the diamonds will cloris but diamondsaren't all the x-ray do everything from x-ray know where yourlaptop computer your boots to putting you through a little air lock devicewhich takes a look at your body just to make sure you don't have any time and onyou feat kimbra sean's early shoestring investors are now millionaires and thegeologists each have a net worth close to half a billion dollars are stillwearing the same ratty old shoes and in some ways not touched at all we arediamonds found an obvious answer is around twokimberlite pipe but once that kimberlite host weathers diamonds are found inriver beds in the sea in 1961 a texas

businessman explored shallow water seamining adjacent to the coastal strip north of the orange river known today asnamibia in 1967 de beers took over from this early prospector began takingsamples by nineteen seventy they were able tosample the sediments in water up to six hundred and fifty-six beat their effortsled to the discovery of a diamond deposit in the atlantic ocean on themiddle continental shelf the diamonds have been carried the atlantic as theland surface eroded over millions of years within 10 years two beers hadrecovered over 400,000 carats of diamonds from the sea mining at amaximum depth of 500 feet the first

challenge in deep sea mining is removingthe gravel from the seabed the gravel in which the diamonds of preserved areconcentrated is literally as a vacuum cleaner would sacrament children to beremaining ships are converted oil rigs with a hole in the middle of the boatand if it's true that the suction mechanism is lowered and the gravel is up into that that's partiallyconcentrate which is a great advantage of that initial concentration on the waythrough to build thrown overboard and the ship progressively do happen downthere are two methods to suck gravel from the sea the horizontal system usesa seabed crawler rebels brought onto the

ship flexible slurry hoses the verticalsystem consists of a large diameter rotating drilled in this is actuallylips the gravel from the seabed to the show it's possible to go hole gloryhole in which which areirregularities in the basement of the sea floor and these are recharged aftera big phone and they recharge with diamonds and so they can go back againperiodically the material at hand and it will be donein bed and get on board the gravel is separated into three sizes by ascreening process the smallest size is mostly waste portsand business card

the largest size rarely yields diamondsand is washed overboard from the ship the middle size is process to separatethe heavy minerals including diamond from a lightweight mineral the remaining concentrate passes throughan x-ray machine which further separates the fluorescent diamonds from the restof the material after the final short the diamonds areready for transport and then they're prone michael launchers and then taking sure from diamond mine to jewelry store onlythe best stones will make the grade next

two hands on process of sorting diamondsinto sixteen thousand different categories today diamonds are mined in about 25 countrieson every continent but europe and antarctica diamond mines will return onmodern marvels we turned it down this is gaborone the capital city ofbotswana the prosperity of this region is due to the country's rich diamonddeposits diamonds from joining mine are sorted in value in this building thisend of the floor is valuing large towns into one of many hundreds ofclassifications like color quality shape diamonds are first separated into gymquality near gem quality and industrial

grade the purpose of sorting is toestimate an asking price for the rough diamonds but supporters initial traininglast six months if haze may be very good at putting we don't know that's whydon't we just say to them i experienced orders can make sixteen thousanddifferent classifications like colors size weight model clarity grade andevery subcategory therein small stones are sorted by computerhuman hands orders used to face so-called run of mind i'm which includedeverybody suffocation no we have machines actually helping us to forgetabout 50% diamonds are passed through this room represent seventy percent ofthe gross domestic product of botswana a

whopping four billion dollars so it's ahuge anna dollar wise for but swan and the economy and it has transformed theeconomy has lost twenty years good rough diamonds are offered for salein london by two beers ten times a year and elite one hundred and twenty-fivediamond jewellery manufacturers are invited to these events to go to london and they will show youthe kind of goods that you are experienced to manufacture and you canhandle it in the proper distribution and they will award you was accordingly the debeers side holders manufacturemany of the most exquisite pieces of

diamond jewelry on the market is a compilation of years and years ofhousing and holding an inventory so you actually have enough stones because whathappens is that a lot of the diamonds have to match each other this fancyyellow diamond necklace took three years to assemble its yellow color comes fromtraces of nitrogen the color increases its value is wholesales for 1.2 milliondollars and retails for 2.4 million islamic royalty around with the arabworld some of the other countries emerging countries there are individualswho are in a position to these stones are matched by color clarity and shapethe peace in the middle is as a tiara as

well as a necklace as shown here is atiara it's got their shapes and rounds and some markets in some smallpear-shaped yellow pear shaped white pear-shaped most of the stones in thistiara are graded de lollis these are these are signal f signal to pieces forus people will recognize it is only a fewselect companies in the world that can assemble something like themetamorphosis from rob cut diamond gemstone begins in the expert hands ofthe diamond cleaver diamond district to maximize the weight of the stone whilestill reading it applause smaller diamonds of lesser value are often cutby laser

though something that's not the mainsomehow you want to know that all of it all and they always trying to look atthe bigger the better you gotta let me tell you what it wants diamond cutters apprentice alongside amaster for five years harvey lieberman trained with his father proximately a carrot nothing's been doneto it as of yet what i'm gonna do is make an initial fast and where i thinkthe largest on the top of the stone or the table i'm gonna get it like that line the way the grain is onthe phone and put it down on the wheel

the first patent on a diamond wheel wasissued in 1878 the wheel then looked like it looks today to cut a facetrequire something as hard as the diamond itself master qatar is used diamondpower ok diamond power and need a flyer with blue or oil andworking in with another diamond no one part of the wheel will cut the fat sitdown here when the diamond is finished writing when i'm done with the fast iwant to take up the line to get a good poly might have a very good and thenpolish it up here this is a much finer powder on the top of the wheel and thata policy at the fastest diamonds like would have grains becausediamonds is a fairly clear material it

isn't always obvious where the grain isa day while most other stages of the diamond industry have changed withtechnology the art of cutting remains in the master's hands to be able to do itall and they wanted me but i think i'll be long gone by down the street from the manhattanoffices of lewis glickman company is the diamond district high above the storeson west 47th street is a small dimly lit fortress known as the european gem labhere gemologist put cut and polished diamonds series of tests and the end each stoneis given a certificate of authenticity

includes the stones uniquecharacteristics in a professional gemological laboratory we used zoombinocular magnification to locate external and internal characteristicsthat determine the clarity grade of it i meant identifying characteristics thatcan't be found under 10 power magnification or disregarded diamondswithout inclusions are external characteristics under 10 powermagnification can be graded as wallace and they are very very rare colortraining involves comparing an unknown done to a set of master color stones thathave been previously operated against an

international standard next is the black box here gemologistsgrade the fluorescence strength and color of a diamond this scientificmachine is this aaron dimension proportion analyzer another way toidentify the diamond machine works by showing a shadow image of the diamond onthe computer screen and the computer is analyzing the portions are hundreds ofdifferent things that analysis is interpreted and i'll put it to a centraldatabase which then what that information on to the egl usa diamondcertificate the relationship of the angles the quality of the polish theproportion between the top of the

diamonds and the bottom of the diamondthe size of the table compared to the web and many otherfactors go into creating the quality of the kind of the 4 c's carat weightclarity grade color grade and cutting quality how the diamond is cut can addthe most value to the diamond there's a relatively new way to identifya dime and that involves inscription what we're looking at right now is atechnician typing in certain characters that will be described with a speciallaser on the edge of a diamond the letters or sumin new they cannot be seenwith the naked eye the machine is capable of driving just about anythingas a matter of fact we can accurately

reproduce logos company logos corporatelogos arsenal insignias family crest if you want for security purposes someurgent request social security numbers lovers request terms of endearment thelaser itself operates in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum which meansthere's no burning taking place of the document it's perfectly safe for thetime and we can engrave a human hair with us we choose to inscribe despite caratdiamond with our own name a diamond like this would retail for around $93,000 butwhat is this time and had been made by a machine next real diamonds made by man

diamonds are nicknamed ice not onlybecause they look like it but also because they're a great conductor ofheat put a big enough time and time again it'll field goal that's because heis being drawn away from your time diamond mines will return on modernmarvels we know we turned to diamonds ever since smithson tennant unlock thesecret the diamond his car but scientists have tried to make a diamondout of graphite it took one hundred and fifty years before they got the job doneto make documents scientists in the laboratory have to mimic the deeper youhave to get very high temperatures and that's not too difficult we know how tomake high temperatures with fire with

electricity passing through material youget thousands agrees fairly straightforward but you also have to gethigh pressure pressure is equivalent to a hundred mile column of rock re my songa french chemist who in 1884 took up the study of lori turned his attention in1892 to the development of the electric arc furnace in an experiment involvingcarbon one song claimed in 1893 to have synthesized diamonds in his purpose hewent on to win the nobel prize and the end of runs he would find it had theseglittering clear faceted crystals that he had produced in his material and thatturns out those fast in crystals looked a lot like diamonds

some ice and i've made diamonds in theworld because he was a nobel prizewinner believed him was actually producedsilicon carbide now renamed moissanite today moissanite is marketed as asynthetic gemstone because it looks so much like a diamond sales for one-tenththe price in 1913 william lawrence bragg a father son team from england used thenew technology of x-ray crystallography to determine diamonds atomic structurebuilding up on that knowledge a harvard physics professor began to take everymaterial he could get his hands on some water to wax and put it under tremendouspressure he would take alcohols and he would take gasoline and when can yousqueeze it you may call certain new

materials that's a pretty bridgeman didhe did it better than anybody and four for four decades of research he did thisperson bridgeman never made diamonds but he pointed the way for others after ww2the can do generation that had built the bomb decided to put together a team atgeneral electric figure out how to make synthetic diamonds once and for all it was called project super pressure togeneral electric team featured four lead scientists and all those for the mostoutspoken perhaps the most brilliant and certainly the most bitter as tracy hall tracy hall didn't share his teammatestheory on how to make the best high

pressure device the team wanted to usesteel hall wanted carbide tracy hall favored a more tapered design a designcalled the belt in which they don't like apparatus which held the sample in placeand then two pistons which squeezed together on that sample of the teammembers herbst wrong was tracy holes greatest rival in december of nineteenfifty-four strong made a run claimed to have produced two small diamonds whenthey were reanalyzed it was found that the little fragments weren't manmadediamonds they were tiny mined diamonds that it slipped into the run later thatdecember tracy hall using his build apparatus device him similar chemicalprinciples that her strong and others

had developed did his run in therecountless tiny diamonds studded in this experimental run and that indeed withthe first time that humans have made diamonds in a way that was reproducedthe book for their effort ge gave each of the lead scientists including tracyhall at $25 savings bond the first synthetic diamonds were like littlegrains of sand to make big diamonds the scientists used a different strategy ifyou think an experimental run with the tiny crystal tiny diamond crystal thenthat provides a place for other carbon atoms to attach and if they attachedslowly and methodically the small crystal grows into a large custom

ge discovered you can turn almost anycarbon-based substance into diamonds including peanut butter the ideas tocreate an experimental environment of high-temperature and high-pressure youhave a sample that's composed primarily of carbon and you want to take thatsample and can find it very carefully so that doesn't spread out the sides ofyour apparatus and you want to squeeze down on that sample using pieces ofsteel are carbide or even other diamonds in some cases and then you want to applytremendous pressure using a large press and these presses can be 10 or 12 feettall with thousands of tons of force applied to a very small area the finalstep that is to turn on the electric

juice input current through the samplewhich heats up to extremely high temperature while it said pressureelectric current passes through to be opposed daniels and the sample in a fewminutes the pressure and temperature work their miracle in cuba now smaller and great from theheat is smashed apart by a hammer this black diamond can be used to attach to adrilled become breakup solid rock early on all synthetic diamonds wereearmarked for industry now perfect gem quality diamonds are man-made in thelaboratory and they are for sale a one carat synthetic diamond sales for $600 acompromised immune cells from $5,500

what other surprises to diamonds oldforest dr roy lewis a senior scientist at the university of chicago who spenthis career measuring the noble gases seen on a media rights stumbled upondiamonds through the back door the media rights that they're found inhis old as the earth but the diamonds came from stars before our solar systemfor so they're older than their their documents they had to be worth somethingif i can get a penny apiece for them i could retire the national debt lose keeps his pre solar dymond grainsin a vial he says he has 50 quadrillion that's five followed by 1604 is diamondsare formed in the atmosphere is the

stars so this is fairly high temperature but actuallyquite low pressure their carbon atoms just like diamonds in the earth and theyare in the same arrangement one with respect to the other theseso-called nano diamonds are so tiny it is impossible to measure themindividually the diamonds are all found in the dark grey matter that's betweenevery single piece that you can see on this thing but if you throw this thingin a big bucket of hydrofluoric acid most of it dissolves if you do a siteseparation payments this photograph of the aggregate spaced diamonds looks likea sea of black each black speck is one

diamond and probably shedding diamondsas we speak because the there are so many of these diamonds and they're sosmall i am certainly contaminated with these documents now that's a conditionyou would complain about its no wonder diamonds are so prized given the journey lasted from deep inside the earthshifted from the sand are vacuumed off the oceans bed he's rough stones are sorted and saw andpolished a fiery perfection there at once an indispensable tool ofindustry and the world's most coveted of jewels they will always fascinated

identified why not